JunWon Park A Age of Exploration

PORT 1

What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?
Many people in the history have explored the seas for new lands because there were many rewards from the explorations: The rewards includes resources, men-power, and lands. Often, European explorers during the Age of Exploration explored for spices from Asia. The spices brought the explorers wealth as the supply of the spices were low in the Europe. Exploring the seas for new lands will bring the explorer resources that are not only limited to the spices and will help the explorer to be rich. Also, the exploration can bring the explorers men-power that are also known as slaves. European explorers have enslaved many Africans after exploring the Africa as slavery brought many slave-traders fortunes. Lastly, exploration can result in lands. European countries such as the Great Britain, Spain, Netherlands, and Portugal have colonized the regions they have explored. It's evident the colonies ranging as far East as the Philippines and as far West as the America. Though the rewards come in different forms, we can generalize that the rewards that might come from exploring the seas and what the explorers are looking for is wealth.

What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?
Though exploration can bring wealth, embarking on a voyage into the unknown has numerous risks that follows. Most evident risks are starvation, plagues, and natural disasters. Because the ship can only take limited amount of food on the ship, food supply must be always carefully managed. Vasco da Gama's crew recorded that their journey across the Pacific ocean involved crews eating off the ship decks as no food was available. Plagues also can be a problem when it is hard to keep clean on the ship, and the crews are living together in a closed environment. The dirty environment on the ship makes it easy for plagues to appear, and the closed environment lets the plague easily spread. Lastly, natural disasters which includes bad weathers can be serious problems. Hamel who has written a journal describing the hermit kingdom of Korea had to be imprisoned in Korea for decades after the crews accidentally landed at Korean coast after a horrible storm. Although clear risks exist between the explorers and their dream of being wealthy, the explorers have bravely pursued their journeys for the hope of wealth.

What will you do if you actually run into other people?
When I explore, I will likely meet people who could be on a similar mission for a similar goal, similar mission for a competitive goal, and the native people. It's evident that I will try to cooperate with the first group of people, and compete with the second group, but the problem is the third group of native people. History shows that some explorers such as the Vasco da Gama engaged with natives who are not friendly with the foreign new comers, and other explorers such as Marco Polo engaged with natives who are friendly with the new comers and who were wishing to keep up the good relationship with trades. I would vision setting up trade relationship with the natives, but if the natives are not wishing to set up trades, I will use military power to take their possessions and enslave them.

Sextant - Sextant lets the navigator measure the angle between two visible objects. Sextant could be used to measure the altitude, latitude, and longitude by measuring the celestial objects. We can use the sextant to locate ourselves on the planet. To use sextant, point to an object you are measuring the angle between the celestial body and itself. Then slowly turn the arc on the bottom to make the index mirror show the celestial body. Then see the measurement on the arc to see the angle between them.


PORT 2

Explorer's Name	Sponsoring Country	Date(s) of Voyage(s)	Size of Fleet	Discoveries and Achievements
Ferdinand Magellan	Spain	August 10, 1519 Departure at Seville, Spain January 10, 1520 Arrival at Rio de la Plata of New World October 21, 1520 Discovery of Strait of Magellan Discovery of Pacific Ocean February 17, 1521 Arrival at Phillipines May 19, 1522 Pass Through Cape of Good Hope September 6, 1522 Return to Spain	Five ships Flagship Trinand (110 tons, 55 crews) San Antonio (120 tons, 60 crews) Concepcion (90 tons, 45 crews) Santiago (75 tons, 32 crews) Victoria (85 tons, 43 crews)	Motivation Westward Sea Route to Asia Achieved Circumnavigation Westward Sea Route to Asia Discovery of Pacific Ocean Negative results Only 18 men out of 237 original men survived. Westward Sea Route to Asia was found inefficient.
Vasco da Gama	Portugal	July 8, 1497 Departure at Lisbon November 4, 1497 Arrival at Cape of Good Hope December 16, 1497 Passed through Great Fish River May 20, 1498 Arrival at Calicut, India August 29, 1498 Departure at Calicut, India	Four ships Sao Gabriel (178 tons) Sao Rafel (128 tons) Berrio (slightly smaller) Storage Ship with unknown name 170 men	Motivation Direct Sea Route to India for a trade route Achieved Direct Sea Route to India around Africa Portugal positioned high in Indian Ocean trade. Negative Results Only about 55 men from 170 men survived The tribute da Gama brought to the king of Calicut failed to impress the king. The king mistakes da Gama and his people are pirates, not royal ambassadors.
Christopher Columbus	Spain	August 3, 1492 Departed Palos de la Frontera October 28, 1492 Landed on Cuba December 5, 1492 Hispaniola January 13, 1493 Samana Peninsula March 4, 1493 Arrival at Portugal March 15, 1493 Return to Spain	Three ships Santa Maria Pinta Nina	Motivation To reach Asia to avoid going through the dangerous original sea route which was dangerous (pirates and controlling countries) Achieved Discovery of the New World Europe was introduced to new source of wealth and new resources Demonstrated and encouraged latter explorers to explore across the Atlantic Ocean Negative Results He failed in finding the Westward route to Asia which was the original intention
JunWon Park (Imaginary)	Portugal	March 15, 1496 Depart at Lisbon April 2, 1496 Arrival at the Great Britain July 5, 1496 Pass through the North Pacific Ocean August 25, 1496 Arrive at Osaka, Japan September 5, 1496 Arrive at the south coast of China (present day HongKong) September 16, 1496 Pass through Strait of Malacca December 20, 1496 Arrive at Calicut, India December 22, 1496 Departure at Calicut, India September 1, 1497 Return to Lisbon	Five ships 200 men	Motivation Find a new sea route to India and China without having to pass through the original ships Achieved Northward direct sea route to India without having to pass other seas Negative Effect Super inefficient Portugal wasted a whole lot of money for this project that resulted nothing.

PORT 3

Causes of African slavery
The cause of the African slavery was need of cheap labor force in the American continents' colonies. As the European countries established colonies in the American continent, Europeans (Americans) needed loads of labor forces to construct cities. African tribes kept invading each other's villages and captivated the villagers to sell as slaves. As demand was high and supply was being fulfilled, African slavery started occurring.

Triangular Trade Route
Triangular Trade is the trade that happened between America, Europe, and Africa. First side of the triangular trade is from European port to Africa. European ships carried copper, cloth, trinkets, slave beads, guns and ammunition to sell to the Africans. The second side of the triangular trade was from Africa to America, and was also called the Middle Passage. The ships carried African slaves, and many slaves died during this trip. Last side of the triangular trade was the from West Indies to the home port with the ships that carried sugar, rum, and molasses. The ship then returned to Europe to complete the triangle.

Consequences of the slave trade
Some of the positive consequences can be said that the American economy boosted as massive amount of labor forces sped up constructions of cities and plantations. Plantations were major part of the Southern American economies. The negative consequences were that African major components of the economy were taken away from Africa. Also, many Africans died during the course of the transportation not to mention their pain after the transportation. The slave trade resulted in African American culture in the America. African Americans, to relieve and express their pains, made new cultures of music and dances.

PORT 4

Author	Shogunate of Japan
Place & Time	Port of Nagasaki at 1635. Nagasaki was the port that was the closest from European countries. This time was when the three unifiers of Japan finally united Japan which was separated to numerous parts and were having conflicts with each other.
Prior Knowledge	16th century was the age of exploration and massive spread of Christianity (Catholicism). Portuguese were expanding their power on the seas. Japanese emperor was perceived as a god, so Catholicism contradicted with Japanese belief.
Audience	Bugyo of Nagasaki Port (Administering Officials)
Reason	To regulate and restrict Japanese contacting foreigners and being influenced by them. By doing so, to preserve the power that officials of the time were holding (as the power of Emperor would be questioned if Catholicism entered Japan).
The Main Idea	Japanese people who contact with foreign culture or tries to must be executed, and foreigners should be inspected closely.
Significance	Japanese leaders are isolating Japan. Also, it is significant that the reason Japanese leaders are isolating Japan is very different from the reason why Chinese leaders did. Chinese did so out of arrogance, but Japanese did so out of fear.